Technical

EventSeries technical section is intended to be a useful guide to audio and broadcast cable related materials. Every effort has been made to ensure that it is user friendly and accurate but if you have any comments please email. This section will be updated periodically.

Event_Technical.png
Maximum Transmission Length for "HD" Series Coaxial
Starquad Wiring for Balanced XLR to XLR Connections
LAN Cable Shield Structure
Stranding and Resistance Chart to BS6360, IEC 60228 & VDE 0295
Wire Gauge, Resistance, Cross Section & Current Table
SD-SDI(NTSC) SD-SDI(PAL) SD-SDI SD_SDI HD 3 GHz 3 GHz 6 GHz 12 GHz
Data Rate 143 Mb/s 177 Mb/s 270 Mb/s 360 Mb/s 1.5 Gb/s 3 Gb/s 3 Gb/s 6 Gb/s 12 Gb/s
Spec SMPTE 259 SMPTE 259 SMPTE 259M SMPTE 259M SMPTE 292M (SMPTE 372M) SMPTE 424M SMPTE 425-4 SMPTE ST 2081-1 SMPTE ST 2082-1
Application Composite NTSC Composite PAL Composite 4:3 SD-SDI Widescreen SD-SDI 720p -1080i (Dual Link 1080p) 3G-SDI HD-SDI 1080i 1.5G-SDI UHDTV1 UHDTV2 UHDTV1, UHDTV2 UHDTV1, UHDTV2
Part No. Calculated Transmission Length [m] Calculated Transmission Length [m] Calculated Transmission Length [m] Calculated Transmission Length [m] Calculated Transmission Length [m] Calculated Transmission Length [m] Calculated Transmission Length [m] Calculated Transmission Length [m] Calculated Transmission Length [m]
HD300 152 137 116 111 34 25 25 24 21
HD600 333 306 254 213 70 50 95 66 44
4706 337 309 256 216 71 49 97 67 46
HD720 484 441 357 297 96 64 129 86 53
4708 492 448 361 303 98 66 132 88 59
HD850 400 345 280 246 71 48 96 63 38
HD920 454 408 318 272 79 59 106 69 54
HD920F 454 408 318 272 79 59 106 69 54
HD1000 588 536 435 361 116 78 156 105 69
4710 612 566 455 385 124 83 165 110 79
HD1300 581 520 433 372 144 120 192 128 81
4713T 675 620 521 459 150 104 210 143 99
HD1630 909 833 682 588 177 122 244 170 110
4716T 938 882 714 612 182 129 258 184 117
Application Composite Video FBAS S-Video S-VHS,Y/C Component Video RGB , YUV
Part No. Attenuation 100 MHz/100m Calculated Transmission Length [m] Calculated Transmission Length [m] Calculated Transmission Length [m]
HD300 22 dB 50 50 50
HD600 10 dB 121 121 121
HD720 7.5 dB 149 149 149
HD850 9.8 dB 105 105 105
HD1000 6.4 dB 208 208 208
HD1300 4.7 dB 320 320 320
HD1630 4.2 dB 329 329 329

The calculated transmission distances are based on a formula in the SMPTE standards , in many cases tested distances are greater. 

Please use calculated distances prior to testing and allow sufficient headroom. 

To properly wire a balanced to balanced cable using 4-conductor Starquad and maximise noise rejection opposing conductors are terminated together into an XLR-3 connector or terminal block.

In this example where the BBC standard colour code is used Blue & Red (+ Positive Phase) are wired together forming one half of the balanced pair and Green & White (- Negative Phase) are wired together forming the other half. Some starquad cables use two white conductors for the positive and two blue cores for the negative.

Starquad cables are four conductor cables which are all insulated and twisted together on a common axis. This “quad” construction or double balanced pairing reduces the chances of electromagnetically induced noise.

As the diagram below shows , the four conductors are arranged in a cross formation ,the conductors opposites are wired together in parallel to form a single balanced pair .The signals are sent out of phase with one another and then returned at the destination. The interference collected along the cable length is also then inverted, so put out of phase and made silent. 

The outer screen helps to prevent electrostatic interference from reaching the signal cores.

Pin Signal Core Colours
Pin 1 (Shield - Chassis Ground)
Pin 2 Positive “hot” signal Blue & Red
Pin 3 Negative “cold” signal Green & White
Starquad-Wiring.png
LAN_Shield-Structure.png
LAN_Shield-Structure_2.png
Structure (*ISO/IEC 11801) Description
U/UTP* Unshielded twisted pairs
SU/UTP (S/UTP*) Overall braid screen with unscreened twisted pairs
F/UTP* Overall foil shielded twisted pairs
SF/UTP* Overall foil & Overall braid shielded twisted pairs
U/FTP* Individual foil shielded twisted pairs
U/FTP* Alternate shield type lay up as 2x2pairs , each 2pair has a shield
F/FTP* Individual foil and overall foil shielded pairs
SU/FTP (S/FTP*) Individual foil and overall braid shielded twisted pairs

Class 1 & 2: Shows the obligatory number of strands

Class 5 & 6: Shows the maximum strand diameter, may be fewer strands as long as the maximum ohms/km is not exceeded

Ohms Ω/km: Shows the maximum resistance in that is permissible for untinned copper conductors in the stranding classes indicated

Area mm² Stranding Class 1 Stranding Class 2 Ohms Ω/km Stranding Class 5 Stranding Class 6 Ohms Ω/km
0.14 18 x 0.10 18 x 0.10 138.0
0.25 14 x 0.16 32 x 0.10 79.0
0.34 19 x 0.16 42 x 0.10 57.0
0.5 1 x 0.80 7 x 0.30 36.0 16 x 0.21 28 x 0.10 39.0
0.75 1 x 0.97 7 x 0.37 24.5 24 x 0.21 42 x 0.16 26.0
1.0 1 x 1.13 7 x 0.43 18.1 32 x 0.21 56 x 0.16 19.5
1.5 1 x 1.38 7 x 0.53 12.1 30 x 0.26 84 x 0.16 13.3
2.5 1 x 1.78 7 x 0.67 7.41 50 x 0.26 140 x 0.16 7.98
4.0 1 x 2.26 7 x 0.85 4.61 56 x 0.31 224 x 0.16 4.95
6.0 1 x 2.76 7 x 1.04 3.08 84 x 0.31 192 x 0.21 3.30
10.0 1 x 3.57 7 x 1.35 1.83 80 x 0.41 320 x 0.21 1.91
16.0 1 x 4.51 7 x 1.70 1.15 128 x 0.41 512 x 0.21 1.21
25.0 7 x 2.14 0.72 200 x 0.41 800 x 0.21 0.78
35.0 7 x 2.52 0.524 280 x 0.41 1120 x 0.21 0.554
50.0 19 x 1.78 0.387 400 x 0.41 705 x 0.31 0.386
70.0 19 x 2.14 0.268 356 x 0.51 990 x 0.31 0.272
95.0 19 x 2.52 0.193 485 x 0.51 1340 x 0.31 0.206
120 37 x 2.03 0.153 614 x 0.51 1690 x 0.31 0.161
150 37 x 2.25 0.124 765 x 0.51 2123 x 0.31 0.129
185 37 x 2.52 0.099 944 x 0.51 1470 x 0.41 0.106
240 61 x 2.25 0.074 1225 x 0.5 1905 x 0.41 0.081
300 61 x 2.52 0.060
400 61 x 2.85 0.046
500 61 x 3.20 0.036

NOTES:

1. Construction: C – Concentric; U – Unilay; R – Ropelay

2. Change of 3 AWG Numbers Doubles Resistance and Halves Weight

3. Properties of Copper:

a) Tensile Strength: Hardened copper: 478 N/mm² (47.8kgf/mm²) Annealed Copper: 239 N/mm² (23.9kgf/mm²)

b) Average Resistivity: 1.7241 microhm-cm at 20°C


AWG CONSTRUCTION DIAMETER (mm) AREA (mm²) WEIGHT (g/m) R Ω max (Ω/100m) at 20°C
4 133 x 0.455 R 6.48 21.62 197.9 0.09
6 133 x 0.361 R 5.14 13.61 124.9 0.14
8 1 x 3.26 3.26 8.37 74.38 0.21
133 x 0.287 R 4.09 8.6 79.02 0.22
10 1 x 2.59 2.59 5.26 46.77 0.35
37 x 0.404 C 2.8 4.77 44.43 0.38
91 x 0.254 U 2.7 4.61 42.22 0.43
12 1 x 2.05 2.05 3.31 29.46 0.55
19 x 0.455 C 2.27 3.09 28.66 0.59
37 x 0.320 C 2.22 2.98 27.88 0.61
45 x 0.300 C 2.45 3.18 28.27 0.58
91 x 0.203 U 2.15 2.95 27 0.65
13 1 x 1.83 1.83 2.63 23.36 0.7
14 1 x 1.63 1.63 2.08 18.45 0.88
19 x 0.361 C 1.8 1.94 18.04 0.94
19 x 0.361 U 1.7 1.94 17.14 0.94
27 x 0.300 C 1.8 1.91 16.98 0.94
37 x 0.254 C 1.78 1.88 16.67 0.97
61 x 0.203 U 1.76 1.97 18.5 1.04
15 1 x 1.45 1.45 1.65 14.68 1.11
16 1 x 1.29 1.29 1.31 11.62 1.4
19 x 0.287 C 1.42 1.23 11.41 1.49
19 x 0.287 U 1.36 1.23 10.83 1.49
19 x 0.300 C 1.5 1.34 12.5 1.36
19 x 0.300 U 1.43 1.34 11.86 1.36
61 x 0.16 U 1.45 1.23 11.23 1.45
315 x 0.071 R 1.6 1.25 11.8 1.47
17 1 x 1.15 1.15 1.04 9.24 1.76
18 1 x 1.02  1.02 0.824 7.32 2.22
7 x 0.404 1.21 0.901 8.25 2.03
19 x 0.254 C 1.27 0.962 8.93 1.9
19 x 0.254 U 1.21 0.962 8.49 1.9
61 x 0.142 U 1.24 0.966 9 1.89
19 1 x 0.91 0.91 0.653 5.8 2.8
20 1 x 0.813 0.813 0.518 4.61 3.53
7 x 0.320 0.96 0.563 5.17 3.25
19 x 0.203 C 1.009 0.616 5.7 2.97
19 x 0.203 U 0.966 0.616 5.42 2.97
37 x 0.142 U 0.97 0.586 5.38 3.12
135 x 0.071 0.92 0.534 4.9 3.42
21 1 x 0.724 0.724 0.412 3.66 4.44
22 1 x 0.643 0.643 0.324 2.89 5.64
7 x 0.254 0.762 0.355 3.26 5.15
19 x 0.160 C 0.8 0.382 3.55 4.78
19 x 0.160 U 0.762 0.382 3.37 4.78
37 x 0.114 U 0.78 0.38 3.46 4.83
72 x 0.071 0.68 0.285 2.6 6.41
23 1 x 0.574 0.574 0.259 2.3 7.06
24 1 x 0.511 0.511 0.205 1.82 8.91
7 x 0.203 0.609 0.227 2.08 8.05
19 x 0.127 C 0.634 0.241 2.23 7.58
19 x 0.127 U 0.597 0.241 2.12 7.58
56 x 0.071 U 0.6 0.222 2.05 8.23
25 1 x 0.455 0.455 0.163 1.44 11.24
26 1 x 0.404 0.404 0.128 1.14 14.26
7 x 0.160 0.48 0.141 1.29 12.96
19 x 0.102 C 0.504 0.155 1.44 11.79
19 x 0.102 U 0.483 0.155 1.37 11.79
33 x 0.071 U 0.45 0.13 1.2 14.06
27 1 x 0.320 0.361 0.102 0.91 17.86
28 1 x 0.320 0.32 0.08 0.72 22.72
7 x 0.127 0.381 0.089 0.82 20.6
19 x 0.079 C 0.395 0.093 0.86 19.63
29 1 x 0.287 0.287 0.065 0.58 28.25
30 1 x 0.254 0.254 0.051 0.45 36.07
7 x 0.102 0.304 0.057 0.53 31.95
19 x 0.063 C 0.315 0.059 0.57 30.87
31 1 x 0.226 0.226 0.04 0.36 45.56
32 1 x 0.203 0.203 0.032 0.29 56.47
7 x 0.079 0.237 0.034 0.32 53.28
19 x 0.050 C 0.25 0.037 0.36 49
33 1 x 0.180 0.18 0.025 0.23 71.82
34 1 x 0.160 0.16 0.02 0.18 90.9
7 x 0.063 0.189 0.022 0.21 83.8
35 1 x 0.142 0.142 0.016 0.14 115.4
36 1 x 0.127 0.127 0.0127 0.11 144.3
7 x 0.050 0.15 0.0137 0.13 133.4
37 1 x 0.114 0.114 0.0102 0.09 179
38 1 x 0.102 0.102 0.0081 0.07 225
7 x 0.040 0.12 0.0088 0.0784 214
39 1 x 0.089 0.089 0.00622 0.06 295
40 1 x 0.079 0.079 0.0049 0.0436 375
7 x 0.031 0.09 0.00528 0.0469 350
41 1 x 0.071 0.071 0.00396 0.0352 460
42 1 x 0.063 0.063 0.00316 0.0281 600
7 x 0.025 0.075 0.0034 0.0318 536
43 1 x 0.056 0.056 0.00246 0.0219 745
44 1 x 0.050 0.05 0.00203 0.018 910
7 x 0.020 0.06 0.0022 0.0196 836
46 1 x 0.040 0.04 0.00126 0.0112 1500
7 x 0.015 0.045 0.001372 0.0112 1492
48 1 x 0.031 0.031 0.00075 0.0067 2450
7 x 0.0125 0.0375 0.000859 0.0077 2371
50 1 x 0.025 0.025 0.00049 0.0044 3750
7 x 0.0100 0.03 0.00055 0.0049 3872
52 1 x 0.020 0.02 0.00031 0.0028 5850
54 1 x 0.0158 0.0158 0.000196 0.00175 10441
56 1 x 0.0125 0.0125 0.000123 0.00109 16599
58 1 x 0.0100 0.01 0.000079 0.0007 27101
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